a = Paul, b = Patrick, c = Peter
Make "the job" = travelling 1 mile:
@a+c.........1..........>20 : 20(a+c) = 1 [1]
@a+b.........1..........>30 : 30(a+b) = 1 [2]
@b+c.........1..........>40 : 40(b+c) = 1 [3]
Expand:
20a + 20c = 1 [1]
30a + 30b = 1 [2]
40b + 40c = 1 [3]
3 equations, 3 unknowns.
Solve (elimination or substitution) to get:
a = 7/240, b = 1/240, c = 1/48
c = Peter = 1/48 of "job" in 1 minute,
so takes 48 minutes by himself.