If you take the first and last letter off of a word, sometimes you get a new word.
Ex: a happening/comes after sixth. The answer is "event seventh". If you add a "S" to the beginning of "event", and a "H" to the end of "event", you get "seventh".

-1. Language/Filling with joy. 5,7 letters

-2. Mathematical comparison/Speech. 5,7

-3. U.S. state/Ago. 6,8

-4. Pair of body parts/Funeral vehicle. 4,6

-5. Near in time/Chess piece. 4,6

-6. Advantage/Stuck between two objects. 4,6

7. Can be golden/Military person. 5,7

-8. Famous peninsula/Part of a large, colder region. 6,8

-9. What you do with a poster/It might be spare. 4,6

-10. Farm animal/Magical necklace. 4,6

10. mule - amulet

4. ears - hearse

Merci.

3. Oregon foregone

Thanks michele.

9. Iberia-Siberian

1 - latin - elating

6. edge/wedged

Good ones. That was no. 8 Joan.

5. nigh knight

Thanks mxm.

9. hang/change

I think Redz did #8.

Thanks.

2. Ratio / Oration - Nice puzzle Curly

Bernie

Thanks Bernie.

7. oldie soldier

Thanks michele.